The treatment of gems by artificial means is considered common trade practice, which can improve the appearance of the colour and/or clarity of a gem. To the best of our knowledge the description of all goods sold by us conforms with C.I.B.J.O. blue book rules. C.I.B.J.O blue books are available for viewing at https://cibjo.org/. Our opinion of a gem’s geographical origin is based on the evidence presented to us. Please contact us if you would like further information regarding gem treatments.

On our Appro notes & Invoices, we disclose gem treatments as below:

• No Evidence of Heat Treatment - [NEHT]
• Standard Heat Treatment - [H]
• Heated with external colouring agents - Titanium Diffusion [H-D-Ti] Beryllium Diffusion [H-D-Be]

We do not sell glass-filled gems.

We do not sell synthetic, man-made ('lab-grown') gems.

An independent gem lab report can be arranged upon request.